Longjing tea, also known as Dragon Well tea (龙井茶), is one of China’s most prestigious and beloved green teas. Originating from the West Lake region of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Longjing is renowned for its flat, smooth leaves, fresh aroma, and delicate, sweet taste.
This article explores the history, varieties, production process, brewing techniques, and cultural significance of Longjing tea, offering a comprehensive guide to this legendary Chinese green tea.
1. The Origins and History of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea has a history spanning over 1,200 years, dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD). It gained widespread recognition during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD), but it was during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) that Longjing became the imperial tribute tea of China.
The Qing Emperor and Longjing Tea
In the 18th century, Emperor Qianlong visited the West Lake region and was deeply impressed by Longjing tea. He personally picked tea leaves from 18 tea bushes near Hu Gong Temple, which were later designated as imperial tea trees.
Since then, Longjing has been regarded as one of China’s national treasures, often gifted to foreign dignitaries and high-ranking officials.
2. Unique Characteristics of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea is famous for its appearance, aroma, and taste.
✔ Flat and smooth leaves – Resembling jade-green sword blades.
✔ Refreshing aroma – A mix of chestnut, orchids, and fresh grass.
✔ Sweet and mellow taste – No bitterness, just a lingering nutty sweetness.
✔ Golden-green liquor – A clear, slightly yellowish-green infusion.
These qualities make Longjing one of the most refined and sought-after green teas in the world.
3. The Different Grades and Varieties of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea is classified based on its origin and harvesting period. The most authentic and premium Longjing comes from the West Lake area of Hangzhou, but other regions also produce Longjing-style teas.
A. Authentic West Lake Longjing (西湖龙井)
✔ Best growing conditions – Misty climate, mineral-rich soil.
✔ Most prestigious variety – Grown in five key regions: Lion Peak, Dragon Well, Cloud Peak, Tiger Spring, and Mei Jia Wu.
✔ Hand-crafted using traditional techniques.
West Lake Longjing is considered the highest grade of Longjing tea.
B. Zhejiang Longjing (浙江龙井)
✔ Grown outside Hangzhou, but still in Zhejiang Province.
✔ Similar processing methods but slightly lower quality.
✔ More affordable but still excellent in taste.
Zhejiang Longjing has a stronger taste compared to West Lake Longjing, making it popular for daily drinking.
C. Sichuan and Anhui Longjing (Other Regions)
✔ Produced in Sichuan and Anhui using similar processing methods.
✔ Often lacks the authenticity and quality of Zhejiang Longjing.
✔ Less expensive and widely available.
While these teas mimic Longjing, they lack the unique terroir and craftsmanship of the original West Lake Longjing.
4. How Longjing Tea is Made: Traditional Processing Techniques
The production of Longjing tea involves careful handcrafting to maintain its delicate flavors and signature shape.
Step 1: Hand-Picking (采摘)
✔ Only tender buds and young leaves are picked.
✔ The best tea comes from the first spring harvest (before the Qingming Festival in early April).
Step 2: Withering (晾青)
✔ Leaves are spread out to reduce moisture and develop aroma.
Step 3: Pan-Firing (炒青)
✔ Leaves are hand-roasted in a large iron pan at 80–100°C.
✔ This stops oxidation and gives Longjing its chestnut aroma.
✔ Masters use finger movements to shape the leaves into their flat form.
Step 4: Shaping and Drying (整形烘焙)
✔ The final roasting enhances the nutty, fresh, and sweet taste.
✔ The result: beautifully flat, jade-colored leaves with a crisp texture.
This labor-intensive process ensures Longjing tea retains its fresh, smooth, and slightly sweet flavor.
5. How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Longjing Tea
To fully appreciate the delicate flavors of Longjing, it’s important to brew it correctly.
✔ Water Temperature: 75–85°C (167–185°F) (Avoid boiling water!)
✔ Tea-to-Water Ratio: 2–3 grams per 250ml water
✔ Steeping Time: 1st infusion: 1–2 minutes, 2nd & 3rd infusions: 30–60 seconds
Traditional Chinese Brewing (Glass Cup Method)
1️⃣ Use a glass cup or gaiwan to appreciate the dancing tea leaves.
2️⃣ Add hot water (about 80°C) to the cup.
3️⃣ Gently swirl the tea and let it steep for 1–2 minutes.
4️⃣ Enjoy the clear, golden-green liquor.
6. The Health Benefits of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it one of the healthiest green teas.
✔ Boosts metabolism & aids weight loss – Contains catechins that help burn fat.
✔ Reduces stress & enhances relaxation – Rich in L-theanine, a natural relaxant.
✔ Supports heart health – Lowers cholesterol and improves circulation.
✔ Strengthens the immune system – High in polyphenols and vitamins.
✔ Promotes anti-aging & healthy skin – Powerful anti-aging properties.
Drinking Longjing tea daily provides refreshing energy and long-term health benefits.
7. The Cultural Significance of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea is not just a beverage; it is deeply embedded in Chinese culture.
✔ A symbol of hospitality – Often served to guests in Chinese homes.
✔ Featured in traditional tea ceremonies – Reflects grace, harmony, and mindfulness.
✔ A luxury gift – Given to politicians, celebrities, and royalty.
Even today, Longjing remains the pride of China’s tea culture, representing elegance, tradition, and sophistication.
Conclusion
Longjing tea is more than just a drink—it is a symbol of China’s rich tea heritage. Its refreshing taste, delicate aroma, and legendary status make it one of the most treasured green teas in the world.
If you’re looking for a tea that embodies quality, tradition, and wellness, Longjing tea is the perfect choice.
